| Anthrax | Painless edematous plaque with central black ulcer or eschar | Goats, sheep, cattle, or products made from them | A | Penicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin |
| Tularemia | Ulceroglandular: painful papule that ulcerates and forms eschar | Tick bites, rabbits, rodents | A | Aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, doxycycline |
| Plague | Buboes (tender regional lymphadenopathy) followed by purpura and gangrene | Flea bites, spread from infected rodents | A | Aminoglycoside, doxycycline, cotrimoxazole |
| Brucellosis | Variable; skin manifestations present in <5% of patients | Cattle, sheep, goats, or untreated milk | B | Doxycycline plus aminoglycoside or rifampin |
| Glanders | Nodule with cellulitis that ulcerates; later, deep abscesses and sinuses | Donkeys, mules, horses | B | Sulfadiazine, gentamicin, doxycycline |
| Pasteurella infection | Rapid onset of cellulitis at bite site followed by necrosis | Dog or cat bite | NR | Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid |
| Rat-bite fever (streptobacillary) | Morbilliform eruption with fever followed by arthritis | Rats or their excreta | NR | Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid |
| Seal finger | Extremely painful nodule on finger | Seals or sea lions | NR | Tetracycline, ceftriaxone |
| Listeriosis | In neonates, generalized petechiae, papules, and pustules | In neonates, infected mother with transfer in utero or shortly after birth | NR | Ampicillin or penicillin IV |
| Vibrio vulnificus infection | Necrotizing fasciitis, hemorrhagic bullae often beginning as a wound infection105-28 115-47 | Warm saltwater or brackish water or undercooked seafood105-28 115-47 | NR | Doxycycline and ceftazidime IV, debridement of lesions |
| Aeromonas hydrophila infection | Cellulitis evolving to abscess formation; often beginning as a wound infection | Fresh or brackish water, contaminated fish | NR | Third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones; debridement |
| Melioidosis | Indolent abscesses; suppurative parotitis (in children) | Wet soil (classically rice paddies), flooded regions | B | Ceftazidime plus a carbapenem IV, then prolonged oral amoxicillin clavulanic acid or TMP-SMX |
| Erysipeloid | Tender violaceous plaque on hand at site of injury | Contaminated fish, shellfish, poultry, meat, and animal products | NR | Penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolone |
| Streptococcus iniae infection | Rapid onset of hand cellulitis following a puncture wound | Contaminated farm-raised fish | NR | Penicillin, cephalosporin |
| Leptospirosis102-12 | Papules, petechiae, jaundice | Contaminated freshwater, moist soil, or animal urine | NR | Doxycycline, penicillin |
| Diphtheria | Pustule or superinfected abrasion, evolving to an ulcer with gray membrane at base | Asymptomatic human carriers | NR | Penicillin IV or erythromycin plus antitoxin |